

Sensor output classification
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- Time of issue:2020-07-10 13:52
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Sensor output classification
1. Capacitive type this type of sensor is a change in capacitance that is converted from measured to measured by a sensing element. For example, capacitive linear displacement and angular displacement sensors change the position of capacitor electrode plate relative to each other, thus changing the capacitance. The capacitance level meter converts the change of liquid level height into the change of electric capacity. The capacitive load sensor changes the capacitance by changing the relative position of the capacitor plate through the deformation of the elastomer. The capacitive vibration sensor, acceleration sensor, thickness sensor, concentricity sensor and temperature sensor also convert the measured mechanical vibration, acceleration, thickness, eccentricity, humidity, etc. into corresponding changes of electrical capacity.
The role of the sensor circuit is to convert changes in capacitance into easily processed voltage or current signals, or to frequency signals by oscillating circuits.
2. Resistive type this type of sensor is a change in resistance that is converted from a measured signal through a sensitive element. For example, the temperature sensor of platinum resistance and copper resistance converts the measured temperature into the change of resistance value. Thermistor is also a change in the semiconductor resistance value from the measured temperature. The resistance strain sensor converts the measured load (force, weight), torque, torque, tension, tension, speed and acceleration into the resistance value change of the resistance strain gauge.
The role of the sensor circuit is to change the resistance into electrical parameters that can be easily measured, such as using a bridge to change the resistance into voltage or current output; Oscillating circuits are used to convert changes in resistance to frequency, etc.
3. Mutual inductance This type of sensor is a change in which the measured element is converted into mutual inductance. For example, differential transformer type sensor, the measured change is converted into the displacement of the core of differential transformer through the transmission of mechanical parts, so that the mutual inductance between excitation windings and measurement windings changes. The eddy current sensor converts the measured change into the change of distance between the measuring coil and the measured object, so that the mutual inductance of the measuring coil will change and the inductance of the measuring coil will change.
The function of the sensor circuit is to convert the change of mutual inductance or mutual inductance into the change of voltage or current which is easy to handle, and also can convert the change of inductance caused by the change of mutual inductance into the change of voltage, current or frequency.
4. Inductance type This type of sensor is a change in the amount of inductance converted by the measured sensor. For example, inductance linear displacement and angular displacement sensors change the relative position of the inductance with an iron core so that the inductance varies with the measured displacement. The speed and acceleration sensors also change the inductance of the sensor with the change of speed and acceleration. Inductance pressure sensor is an elastic element that deforms under the measured pressure, and the mechanical deformation of the elastomer drives the displacement of the sensor core to make the inductance change.
The function of sensor circuit is to transform the change of inductance into the signal form which is easy to be processed. For example, inductance bridge is used to transform the change of inductance into the change of current or voltage. The oscillation circuit is used to convert the change of inductance into the change of frequency.
5. Current type this type of sensor is a change in the current that is converted by the measured sensor through the sensing element. For example, the photosensitive diode receives the measured light and converts the change of light into the change of output current; The current ionization chamber, after receiving the nuclear radiation, converts the change of the nuclear radiation intensity into the change of the ionization current output in the ionization chamber.
The role of the sensor circuit is to amplify the weak current output by the sensor and transform it into a strong voltage or current.
6. Charge type This type of sensor is a change in the output charge that is converted from the measured charge through the sensing element. Such as piezoelectric sensors, sensitive elements for quartz or piezoelectric ceramics. It can be used for vibration, acceleration, vortex type flowmeter and so on. When the piezoelectric plate is stressed, it is converted into a bound charge output.
The role of the sensor circuit is to convert the change in charge into a stronger voltage or current output. This circuit is often called a charge amplifier.
7. Pulse (digital) type this type of sensor is one that transforms the measured signal into an impulse train or digital signal.
The digital signals output by the sensor are divided into three categories:
The characteristic of incremental code signal is that the measured value is proportional to the change period number of sensor output signal, that is, the value of output quantity is determined by the increment of the change period number of signal. When the displacement is measured by grating, magnetic gate and laser interferometry, the output signal of the sensor is incremental code signal.
The absolute code signal is a signal corresponding to the state of the object under test. Such as code disk, its each Angle azimuth corresponds to a set of codes, this code is called absolute code. Absolute code signal has strong anti-interference ability, no matter what happens in the measurement process, after the interference, a state always corresponds to a certain set of codes.
Switch signal Switch signal only 0 and 1 two states, can be regarded as absolute code only one bit when the special case. Such as travel switch, photoelectric switch and other sensor output is the switch signal.
The role of a sensor circuit for pulse train output, which performs pulse counting and converts the required signal formation; In the case of an encoded signal, it is the conversion of the encoded output into the corresponding digital signal.
Voltage (potential) Type this type of sensor is a change in voltage or potential that is converted by the sensor being measured through the sensing element. For example, a thermocouple, the change of measured temperature is converted into a change of thermoelectric potential through the thermocouple temperature sensing; A photocell senses a change in temperature (infrared light) and converts it to a change in the photocell's output potential; The hall element can convert the measured magnetic field strength or current change into hall potential change, etc.
The role of the sensor circuit is to convert this weak potential or voltage change into a stronger voltage or current change.
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